| 英文描述 | Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell neoplasm of the bone marrow that occurs in single or multiple sites, and often spreads to soft tissue, esp. liver, kidney, spleen, or lymph nodes. Plasma cell neoplasia can lead to production of a homogenous, monoclonal immunoglobulin; this is not present in all myelomas (nonsecretory myelomas). Signs vary with neoplastic site, but often refer to musculoskeletal disorders, such as pathologic fractures, lameness, bone pain, or swelling. The diagnosis is confirmed when 2 of the following 4 criteria are present: increased serum concentration of monoclonal immunoglobulin; Bence-Jones proteinuria; radiographic evidence of osteolysis; presence of greater than 20% of plasma cells within the bone marrow. Hypoalbuminemia, hypercalcemia, anemia, leukopenia, azotemia and thrombocytopenia are common findings; hyperviscosity and associated clinical signs are occasionally seen. Hypercalcemia may cause nephropathy. Cutaneous amyloidosis causing bleeding from the skin has also been seen, and retinal lesions may occur. |
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