| 英文描述 | Gallstones in the dog and cat are rare and etiology is unknown. Rarely cause clinical signs unless associated with cholecystitis, biliary obstruction or rupture of the biliary tree. May erode gallbladder wall causing bile peritonitis. Sometimes visible on radiographs but can be radiolucent. Choledocholithiasis is associated with jaundice or recurrent jaundice. Dx by radiology, laparotomy, or at necropsy. In dogs with cholelithiasis, leukocytosis, neutrophilia with a left shift, monocytosis, high activity of serum hepatic enzymes, hypoalbuminemia, and high concentrations of serum total bilirubin are common. In dogs, most common in older females. |
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